{"id":2901,"date":"2013-06-29T23:28:31","date_gmt":"2013-06-29T21:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/2013\/06\/frantisek-z-assisi-1181-1226\/"},"modified":"2013-06-29T23:28:31","modified_gmt":"2013-06-29T21:28:31","slug":"frantisek-z-assisi-1181-1226","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2013\/06\/frantisek-z-assisi-1181-1226\/","title":{"rendered":"Franti\u0161ek z Assisi (1181 \u2013 1226)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2900\" src=\"https:\/\/new.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/frantisek.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" align=\"right\" width=\"216\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/frantisek.jpg 216w, https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/frantisek-162x300.jpg 162w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/>Franti\u0161ek z\u00a0Assisi, p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Giovanni Battista Bernardone<strong>,<\/strong> patr\u00ed medzi hlavn\u00e9 postavy stredovek\u00e9ho kres\u0165anstva. Otec mu dal kr\u00e1tko po krste meno Francesco (\u010do znamen\u00e1 mal\u00fd Franc\u00faz). V\u00a0mladosti \u017eil bezstarostn\u00fdm \u017eivotom, no ke\u010f vypukla vojna medzi Assisi a\u00a0Perugiou, zapojil sa do nej, padol do zajatia, \u0165a\u017eko ochorel a\u00a0jeho otec ho musel draho vyk\u00fapi\u0165. Za\u010dal si uvedomova\u0165 aj duchovn\u00fa str\u00e1nku \u017eivota a\u00a0podnikol p\u00fa\u0165 do R\u00edma. Ke\u010f sa po n\u00e1vrate modlil v kostole, prehovoril k\u00a0nemu Kristus z kr\u00ed\u017ea. Trikr\u00e1t zopakoval: <em>\u201eFranti\u0161ek, nevid\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee sa m\u00f4j dom rozpad\u00e1? Oprav ho!\u201c <\/em>Podobne ako Peter Valdo, aj on poch\u00e1dzal zo z\u00e1mo\u017enej rodiny a za\u017eil n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 dramaticky ovplyvnila jeho \u017eivot a\u017e do takej miery, \u017ee v\u0161etko rozdal chudobn\u00fdm a\u00a0rozhodol sa \u017ei\u0165 jednoduch\u00fdm \u017eivotom. Jeho otec to nedok\u00e1zal pochopi\u0165, apeloval na autority, preto\u017ee jeho syn pou\u017eil na opravu kostola aj jeho peniaze, a\u017e zasiahol biskup. Franti\u0161ek sa napokon vzdal aj svojich \u0161iat a\u00a0nah\u00fd u\u0161iel do lesa, kde \u017eil ako pustovn\u00edk. Nesk\u00f4r, v\u00a0roku 1209 ho oslovili ver\u0161e z\u00a0Mat\u00fa\u0161a 10:7-10, kde Je\u017ei\u0161 posiela svojich u\u010den\u00edkov k\u00e1za\u0165 a vyz\u00fdva ich, aby si so sebou nebrali zlato ani striebro. Franti\u0161ek pochopil, \u017ee jeho miesto nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 len v\u00a0\u00fastran\u00ed, ale aj uprostred miest, aby mohol \u013eu\u010fom k\u00e1za\u0165, pom\u00e1ha\u0165 chudobn\u00fdm a\u00a0chor\u00fdm. Vr\u00e1til sa do Assisi, k\u00e1zal tam a\u00a0z\u00edskal nieko\u013eko nasledovn\u00edkov. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie sa k nemu ako prv\u00ed pripojili bohat\u00fd \u0161\u013eachtic <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Bernardo_di_Quintavalle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Bernardo di Quintavalle (str\u00e1nka neexistuje)\">Bernardo di Quintavalle<\/a> a pr\u00e1vnik <a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pietro_Cattani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Pietro Cattani (str\u00e1nka neexistuje)\">Pietro Cattani<\/a>. Ich \u017eivotn\u00fdm programom sa stali tieto tri ver\u0161e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Je\u017ei\u0161 mu vravel: \u201eAk chce\u0161 by\u0165 dokonal\u00fd, cho\u010f, predaj, \u010do m\u00e1\u0161, rozdaj chudobn\u00fdm a bude\u0161 ma\u0165 poklad v nebi. Potom pr\u00ed\u010f a nasleduj ma!\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A povedal im:\u00a0 <\/em><em>\u201eNa cestu si neberte ni\u010d: ani palicu, ani kapsu, ani chlieb, ani peniaze, ani dvoje \u0161iat nemajte. \u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A v\u0161etk\u00fdm povedal: <\/em><em>\u201eKto chce \u00eds\u0165 za mnou, nech zaprie s\u00e1m seba, vezme ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 svoj kr\u00ed\u017e a nasleduje ma. \u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Potom sa vybral spolu s\u00a0jeden\u00e1stimi duchovn\u00fdmi bratmi do R\u00edma za Inocentom III, ve\u013emi vplyvn\u00fdm p\u00e1pe\u017eom on\u00fdch \u010dias. Na rozdiel od Petra Valda nespochybnil p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00fa autoritu a\u00a0svojich bratov ozna\u010dil ako potuln\u00fdch kazate\u013eov pok\u00e1nia. Po tom, \u010do si ho p\u00e1pe\u017e preveril, s\u00fahlasil s\u00a0vytvoren\u00edm nov\u00e9ho r\u00e1du. Franti\u0161ek sa pustil do budovania\u00a0\u201eR\u00e1du mal\u00fdch bratov (Friars Minor). \u010coskoro vznikol aj r\u00e1d pre \u017eeny, ktor\u00fd zalo\u017eila sv\u00e4t\u00e1 Kl\u00e1ra, duchovn\u00e1 sestra Franti\u0161ka. Tento vst\u00fapil do povedomia pod n\u00e1zvom \u201eklarisky\u201c. Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni sa \u010doskoro stali zn\u00e1mymi svojimi k\u00e1z\u0148ami, spevmi a\u00a0\u017eobran\u00edm po celej z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe. Franti\u0161ek sa \u00faspechu hnutia ob\u00e1val, videl to ako za\u010diatok p\u00e1du a\u00a0svojich nasledovn\u00edkov neust\u00e1le pob\u00e1dal k\u00a0pokore. Hovor\u00ed sa, \u017ee raz sa jeden z\u00a0jeho priate\u013eov vr\u00e1til rozradosten\u00fd, preto\u017ee ho niekto obdaroval zlatou mincou. Franti\u0161ek ju v\u0161ak zakopal so slovami, \u017ee teraz sa zlato dostalo na najlep\u0161ie miesto. Svojim nasledovn\u00edkom zak\u00e1zal \u010doko\u013evek vlastni\u0165. V\u00a0roku 1220 sa vzdal vedenia r\u00e1du a\u00a0odovzdal vedenie svojmu n\u00e1stupcovi. V\u00a0roku 1226 zomrel v\u00a0kaplnke, ktor\u00fa vybudoval v\u00a0mladosti. Hoci franti\u0161k\u00e1ni spo\u010diatku nekl\u00e1dli tak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na vzdelanie ako in\u00e9 r\u00e1dy a\u00a0hnutia, ke\u010f sa k\u00a0nim na par\u00ed\u017eskej univerzite v\u00a0roku 1236 pridal jeden z\u00a0profesorov, z\u00edskali u\u010dite\u013eov na v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych univerzit\u00e1ch. Nasledovn\u00edci Franti\u0161ka k\u00e1zali evanjelium aj na in\u00fdch kontinentoch, priekopn\u00edkom bol J\u00e1n Montecorvino. Po Franti\u0161kovej smrti vznikli v\u00a0r\u00e1de dva pr\u00fady \u2013 rigoristi a\u00a0umiernen\u00ed. Rigoristi nedok\u00e1zali prija\u0165 zmiernenia predpisov chudoby a\u00a0\u010das\u0165 z\u00a0nich nesk\u00f4r, aj pod vplyvom proroctva Joachima z\u00a0Fiore, hnutie opustila.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Spolu s\u00a0Bernardom Clairvauxom m\u00f4\u017eeme Franti\u0161ka zaradi\u0165 medzi kristocentrick\u00fdch mystikov, najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch vo svojej dobe. Dnes je franti\u0161k\u00e1nsky r\u00e1d s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou katol\u00edckej cirkvi, Franti\u0161ek bol vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho, a\u00a0k\u00a0populariz\u00e1cii prispel aj s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd p\u00e1pe\u017e, ktor\u00fd prevzal jeho meno. Poh\u013ead dne\u0161n\u00fdch evanjelik\u00e1lov na Franti\u0161ka sa r\u00f4zni, \u0165a\u017eko zauja\u0165 jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 stanovisko. Je fakt, \u017ee Franti\u0161ek sa dr\u017eal katol\u00edckej vierouky, na druhej strane si treba uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee p\u00f4sobil e\u0161te pred reform\u00e1ciou, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee za jeho \u00e9ry bol rozchod s\u00a0ofici\u00e1lnou cirkvou len ve\u013emi zriedkav\u00fd. Do o\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee bi\u0165 extr\u00e9mne pojat\u00e9 u\u010denie o\u00a0chudobe, no na Franti\u0161kovu obranu treba uvies\u0165, \u017ee reagoval pr\u00e1ve na nebezpe\u010dne pojat\u00fa prax stredovekej cirkvi a\u00a0p\u00e1pe\u017estva, ktor\u00e9 si u\u017e\u00edvalo ve\u013ek\u00fd luxus a\u00a0spravovalo obrovsk\u00e9 majetky, kup\u010dilo s\u00a0biskupsk\u00fdmi stolcami, a\u00a0tak \u00faplne prevr\u00e1tilo Je\u017ei\u0161ove hodnoty. Ak sa na to pozrieme z\u00a0tohto poh\u013eadu, dok\u00e1\u017eeme Franti\u0161ka s jeho protestom proti vtedaj\u0161\u00edm praktik\u00e1m a\u00a0s jeho u\u010den\u00edm o\u00a0chudobe omnoho lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Zdroj: Justo L. Gonz\u00e1lez \u2013 The Story of Christianity Volume I<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Martin Hun\u010d\u00e1r<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Franti\u0161ek z\u00a0Assisi, p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Giovanni Battista Bernardone, patr\u00ed medzi hlavn\u00e9 postavy stredovek\u00e9ho kres\u0165anstva. Otec mu dal kr\u00e1tko po krste meno Francesco (\u010do znamen\u00e1 mal\u00fd Franc\u00faz). V\u00a0mladosti \u017eil bezstarostn\u00fdm \u017eivotom, no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-2901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zivotopisy-cirkevne-dejiny"],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/frantisek.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/PodcastSZ-1.jpg","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":[],"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/feed\/podcast\/slovo-zivota","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yB1YN6mwHg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2013\/06\/frantisek-z-assisi-1181-1226\/\">Franti\u0161ek z Assisi (1181 \u2013 1226)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slovozivota.sk\/en\/2013\/06\/frantisek-z-assisi-1181-1226\/embed\/#?secret=yB1YN6mwHg\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;Franti\u0161ek z Assisi (1181 \u2013 1226)&#8221; &#8212; Slovo \u017eivota\" data-secret=\"yB1YN6mwHg\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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